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        <title>Today in history</title>
        <description>A daily changing presentation of historical facts illustrated by items from the collections of IISH, NEHA and Press Museum.</description>
        <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2012 01:58:01 +0100</lastBuildDate>
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            <url>http://www.iisg.nl/iisglogo35.gif</url>
            <title>IISH</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl</link>
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        <language>en</language>
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            <title>9 February 1959: Birthday with Pom</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/09-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[At the end of the fifties many women from the Dutch colony of Surinam left for the Netherlands to receive nurse&#39;s training. In Holland the hospitals had a shortage of staff. The women graduated and most of them stayed in Holland. During their training, in their free time or at parties&nbsp;they sought one another&#39;s company. The photo shows nurse Irene Dongen&#39;s birthday party. She celebrates her birthday in her room with her colleagues.&nbsp; For the party she made Pom, a traditional Surinamese baked dish. ]]></description>
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            <title>8 February 1904: A Russian in Japan</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/08-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[On 8 February 1904 the Japanese attacked the Russian fleet in southern Manchuria, beginning the Russo-Japanese War.<BR>Many letters from Russian prisoners-of-war in Japan ended up in the archive of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR) and are now kept at the IISH.<BR>Soldier Makar Ivanov writes this colorful letter to his superior: "Your Honor, I am very grateful to those people who taught me how to write and hold a pen. I spend my time writing and reading.... Your Honor, our life is very dull. An hour seems to be a day and a day seems to be a week.... no matter where you look, it is bad everywhere...." ]]></description>
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            <title>7 February 1952: 12 Years of &amp;#39;Emergency&amp;#39;</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/07-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[When the British High Commissioner Sir Gerald Templar arrived in Malaysia on 7 February 1952, the &#39;emergency&#39;&nbsp;situation worsened. &#39;Emergency&#39; was the euphemistic name for a war that had started in 1948 between the British colonial power and Malaysian communists. The communist National Liberation Army had ambushed and killed Templar&#39;s predecessor. During Templar&#39;s administration, fighting was intensified and both parties accused one another of atrocities such as beheading. The &#39;Emergency&#39; lasted until 1960. <BR>The archive of the 10th Regiment of the Malaysian National Liberation Army is at the IISH. ]]></description>
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            <title>6 February 1937: The Sounds of Islam</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/06-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<EM>La Charte Tunisienne</EM> is the organ of the Tunisian independence movement, led by Habib Bourguiba (1903-2000). On 6 February 1937&nbsp;<EM>La Charte</EM> complains about the &#39;ridiculous suspicion&#39; of French customs officers about all imports from Egypt. It was already known that the&nbsp;import of&nbsp;ideological Islamic publications was not allowed. But now the customs officers put up a gramophone between the green tea and bales of rice, and are listening to all records that come from the Middle East. And if customs recognizes a word like &#39;fatherland&#39; or &#39;victim&#39; in a song, the record is prohibited, whatever the subject may be.<BR>Tunisia became independent in 1956 and Bourguiba was its first president. ]]></description>
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            <title>5 February 1970: Orange Free State Postal Services</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/05-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[An Orange Free State was proclaimed in Amsterdam on 5 February 1970 by the anarchist Kabouters. The Kabouters (Little People or Dwarves) created their own state. The Kabouters were a combination of the Provo and squatters&#39; movement. The Ministry of Public Housing of Orange Free State had its headquarters in the &#39;Squatter Bureau&#39;. The Ministry of Infrastructure&#39;s task was to destroy all highways. Society was to become a council democracy, and a well-known in Dutch folk song was to become the national anthem.<BR>The Orange Free State Postal Services issued stamps. During the city council elections of 1970, the Orange Free State won five seats. ]]></description>
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            <title>4 February 1752: French Newspaper from The Netherlands</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/04-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[At the end of the seventeenth century, the French government strongly controlled the national press. Censorship was effective, and non-Catholics had a difficult time. Especially the Protestant journalists fled to the Netherlands, where the rules were less strict. The so-called <EM>Gazettes de Hollande</EM>, French language newspapers printed in the Netherlands, were smuggled into France and had a large audience. The most famous paper was the <EM>Gazette de Leyde</EM>. In the <EM>Gazette de la Haye</EM> of 1752, pictured above, the funeral of Stadholder Willem IV is described. The order of the people behind the hearse gets special attention, as it tells something about the division of power within the Dutch Republic. ]]></description>
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            <title>3 February 1931: The Pimp</title>
            <link>http://www.iisg.nl/today/en/03-02.php</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The first sociological study of pimps was published on 3 February 1931. Its author was the colorful medical doctor Ben Reitman from Chicago. Reitman (1879-1942) had spent his youth among whores and hobos, and for some time was the lover and manager of the famous anarchist Emma Goldman. In this study, <EM>The second oldest profession</EM>, Reitman presents the pimp as a man between 20 and 30, tall and slender, with dark hair and eyes, and a sallow skin. He is addicted to drugs and suffers from syphilis or tuberculosis. The pimp often has gold teeth. His level of education is high, he is interested in culture, and votes for the Democrats. Dr. Reitman had spotted at least a hundred pimps during a Democratic political parade. His book contains many case studies and real life stories, and was praised by sociologists. ]]></description>
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